Ensemble Oceanic NINO Index (ENS ONI)
Created using Matlab 2022b
Note: The land-sea mask in Kaplan Extended SSTv2 causes discontinuities (white space) near the edges of the figure.
Created in Python v3.9
The NINO 3.4 region (5°N - 5°S, 170°W - 120°W) is demarcated by a solid white box.
Note: The land-sea mask in Kaplan Extended SSTv2 causes discontinuities (white space) near the edges of the figure.
Created in Python v3.9
MAJOR UPDATES TO THE ENSEMBLE OCEANIC NINO INDEX (ENS ONI)
July 2022: MERRA-2 reanalysis was extended from 2016 to the present
April 2022: Raw monthly ENS ONI input from all 32 SST + reanalysis datasets have been released
February 2022: ENS ONI published in the International Journal of Climatology
(Accepted PDF): The Ensemble Oceanic Nino Index (Webb & Magi, 2022)
May 2021: ENS ONI median definitions are now presented in percent instead of raw numeric values to allow for more intuitive interpretations of the data.
April 2021: ENS ONI median definitions (described below) were added to the suite of available output.
March 2021: ENS ONI data for 1850-1864 has now been released, several datasets were added, and the juxtaposition of ENS ONI's 30-year sliding base periods were updated to be more symmetric with the 5-year periods (Dr Brian Magi, person comm). The pre-1865 extension of the ENS ONI reveals a potential El Nino event in 1855-56, which is strongly supported by recent work from Lin et al (2020) depicting this particular El Nino to be associated with the 2nd worst drought during the Qing dynasty in China. Applying a 30-year sliding median to Madras SLP (1796-2003) reconstructed by Allan et al (2002) also reveals substantial evidence of an El Nino in 1855-56 w/ 30-year median SLP anomalies exceeding +1.2σ in November 1855, which is near the top 10% of all Novembers in 1796-2003.
Experiments with pre-1850 instrumentally-based data like the aforementioned Madras SLP and available reanalysis over this period (like NOAA 20CRv3 (Slivinski et al (2019)) and corroboration with documentary sources such as
Garcia-Herrera et al (2008), Ortileb (2000), & Quinn et al (1987) reveal fairly substantial evidence of an El Nino in the winter of 1845-46.
Simple Ocean Data Assimilation version 2.2.4 (SODAv2.2.4) (1871-2010) (Giese and Ray (2011)), ECMWF's Ocean Reanalysis System 5 (ORAS5) (Zuo et al (2019)) (which is used for the operational ECMWF model), & NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (NASA MERRA2) (Gelaro et al (2017)), have been added to the ENS ONI, further improving the overall quality of the index and accompanying estimates of inter-dataset spread, especially for the 1871-1900 period when few datasets are available and most SST reconstructions (e.g. HADISST1) that rely on modern ENSO behavior to reconstruct ENSO when data coverage is sparse, may underestimate the amplitude of major ENSO events like 1877-78 (Giese and Ray (2011)).
For comparison purposes and to further validate the legitimacy of ENS ONI's first-order estimates of structural uncertainty that emerge between datasets, ENS ONI's inter-dataset spread is now also directly accompanied by other published estimates of NINO 3.4 region spread from NOAA's 20CRv3 (Slivinski et al (2019)) and HADISST2 (Titchner and Rayner (2014)) (See figure and the excel sheet below).
The previous quality control procedure used to filter out potentially spurious data was discontinued as the median used to derive the index here is fairly robust to outliers.
An additional excel sheet with peak ENSO event intensities (in °C) has been added to the list of deliverables provided below on this web page.
October 2020: HADISST2.1 was added to the ENS ONI, significantly increasing the quality of the ENS ONI prior to 1900, and the new quality control procedure used to filter out potentially spurious data in the ENS ONI is significantly less stringent. OISSTv2 was upgraded to OISSTv2.1, which may slightly impact recent ENS ONI data.
ENS ONI now uses median SSTs instead of mean SSTs from available datasets at each time step to better protect the ENS ONI against outliers and preserve the amplitude of pre-1950 ENSO events. Utilizing the median SST also more accurately depicts well known asymmetries in ENSO amplitude stemming from more efficient Bjerknes feedbacks and stronger non-linearities between SSTs, surface winds, and locally forced convection in El Ninos. To better reflect this asymmetry, ENSO event intensity definitions were altered from, with "Super La Nina" no longer being utilized. However, keeping in spirit of the original ONI, ENS ONI still utilizes 3-month running means of monthly ONI values to determine tri-monthly ENS ONI values. The ENS ONI is also now accompanied by uncertainty estimates, determined by inter-dataset spread at each monthly time step, approximated as 2σ, generally corresponding to 95% level statistical significance.
July 2019: ERA-5 was added to the analysis & interpolated to a 1x1 degree grid to make it more comparable to other datasets used in the ENS ONI. Its addition resulted in little notable change in the ENS ONI after 1964. The ENS ONI quality control procedure was reevaluated for the 1877-78 El Nino, resulting in more realistic amplitude evolution during the growth phase of this "Super" El Nino in 1877. Changes in the 1877-78 El Nino also implicated nearby portions of the record, leading to an extremely modest modification of other ONI values from 1865 to 1890.
June 2019: HADSST4 was added to the analysis, resulting in a slight increase in amplitude of most pre-1950 ENSO events due to better constraint of quality control procedures. The standard deviation of available SST datasets used in the ENS ONI is now also provided.
Introduction
Aside from the large number number of datasets and uncertainty estimates, one of the primary methodological differences between the ENS ONI and the CPC ONI is the choice to use climatological base periods based on median SSTs instead of mean SST. This allows the ENS ONUI to better characterize ENSO asymmetry, as SST climatologies may be slightly skewed towards El Ninos (e.g. An & Jin (2004)) and makes the ENS ONI more robust to outliers, which is important early in the record when SST uncertainty is large and there are few(er) datasets available to constrain the ENS ONI. A more detailed description of methods is described in Webb and Magi (2021)
The ENS ONI is intended to be a predecessor product to the Extended MEI version 2 (MEI.extv2), which is currently in production. For more on MEI.extv2 see my 100th Annual American Meteorological Society (AMS) Conference poster presentation: "Reanalysis of the Extended Multivariate ENSO Index"
2020 Master's Thesis on the "Reanalysis of the Extended Multivariate ENSO Index"
NINO 1+2: (0°-10°S, 80-90°W), NINO 3: (5°N-5°S, 90°W-150°W), NINO 3.4 (5°N-5°S, 120°W-170°W), NINO 4 (5°N-5°S, 160°E-150°W)
Data
Although this index exhibits very robust correlations with the Bivariate ENSO Timeseries (BEST), Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI), Extended Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI.ext), this product should be used with caution, especially for prior to 1877 and in/around the first and second World War. The following 32 sea surface temperature, satellite, and reanalysis datasets were utilized in the creation of the ENS ONI at a grid spacing that varied between 1°x1° and 5°x5° latitude and longitude to ensure all were resolving the same types of phenomena in their respective fields. If these datasets weren't explicitly provided with this grid spacing, they were averaged over a number of grid boxes until this criteria was met.
HADISST2.1 (1850-2010)
COBE SST 2 (1850-2019)
HADSST4 (1850-2021)
NOAAs 20th Century Reanalysis Version 3 (1850-2015)
NOAAs 20th Century Reanalysis Version 2c (1854-2014)
ERSST Version 5 (1854-Present)
ERSST Version 4 (1854-2020)
Kaplan's Extended SST Version 2 (1856-2023)
HADISST (1870-Present)
NOAAs 20th Century Reanalysis Version 2 (1871-2012)
SODAv2.2.4 (1871-2010)
IOCADSv3 (1878-2020)
ERSST Version 3b (1880-2020)
COBE SST (1891-Present)
ERA-20CM (1900-2010)
ERA-20C (1900-2010)
CERA-20C (1901-2010)
NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Version 1 (1948-Present)
HADSST2 (1950-2014)
HADSST3 (1950-2020)
ERA-5 (1950-Present)
WHOI OA Flux Version 3 (1958-2019)
ECMWF ORAS5 (1958-2019)
Climate Analysis Center (CAC) (now known as the CPC) SST (1970-March 2003)
NCEP CFSR (1979-2015)
NCEP DOE R2 (1979-Present)
ERA-Interim (1979-2019)
NASA MERRA (1979-2016)
NASA MERRA2 (1980-2023)
European Space Agency SST Climate Change Initiative (Sep 1981 - 1988) (ESA SST CCI)
Operational Sea Surface Temperature & Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA) (Oct 1981-Present)
OISSTv1 (1 degree) (Nov 1981-March 2003)
OISSTv2.1 (1 degree) (Nov 1981-Present)
Aqua/MODIS SST (1 degree) (July 2002-Present)
Coral Reef Watch (CRW) SST (Apr 1985-Present)
ODYSSEA SST (Jan 2021 - Present)
30-Year Climatological Base Period |
ENS ONI Values |
1850-1879 |
1850-1867 |
1855-1884 |
1868-1872 |
1860-1889 |
1873-1877 |
1865-1894 |
1878-1882 |
1870-1899 |
1883-1887 |
1875-1904 |
1888-1892 |
1880-1909 |
1893-1897 |
1885-1914 |
1898-1902 |
1890-1919 |
1903-1907 |
1895-1924 |
1908-1912 |
1900-1929 |
1913-1917 |
1905-1934 |
1918-1922 |
1910-1939 |
1923-1927 |
1915-1944 |
1928-1932 |
1920-1949 |
1933-1937 |
1925-1954 |
1938-1942 |
1930-1959 |
1943-1947 |
1935-1964 |
1948-1952 |
1940-1969 |
1953-1957 |
1945-1974 |
1958-1962 |
1950-1979 |
1963-1967 |
1955-1984 |
1968-1972 |
1960-1989 |
1973-1977 |
1965-1994 |
1978-1982 |
1970-1999 |
1983-1987 |
1975-2004 |
1988-1992 |
1980-2009 |
1993-1997 |
1985-2014 |
1998-2002 |
1990-2019 |
2003-2021 |
Climate Prediction Center (CPC): Monthly Atmospheric and SST Indices
Copernicus Marine Service
ECMWF Climate Reanalysis
ECMWF Copernicus Climate Change Service
Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Working Group on Surface Pressure (WG-SP)
International Research Institute for Climate and Society
Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI) Climate Explorer
Met Office Hadley Centre observation datasets
NASA Earth Observations
NCAR's Research Data Archive
NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory
NOAA's Science Data Integration Group Live Access Server
Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) ERDDAP
Discussion and analysis
Uncertainty in SST observations
Created using Matlab 2019a
Created using Matlab 2019a
COMPARING ENS ONI TO Independent proxy & documentary records
Here, 13 literature sources (Quinn et al (1987), Stahle et al (1998), Cook et al (2008), Braganza et al (2009), Gergis & Fowler et al (2009), McGregor et al (2010), Wilson et al (2010), Li et al (2011), Hakim et al (2016), Anderson et al (2019), Freund et al (2019), Tardif et al (2019), Dätwyler et al (2020), Sanchez et al (2020)) are utilized during their shared, overlapping period (1850-1977), Most of these proxy records have vastly different units and variables, and the written records are qualitative in their classification of ENSO. To facilitate a comparison amongst them, an approach modified from Wolter and Timlin (2011), whereby the annual percentile ranks are analyzed from all proxy + documentary records, and compared to the fraction of institution and literature based definitions (below) based on the Ensemble ONI. The upper, middle, and lower terciles represent El Niño, Neutral ENSO, and La Niña, respectively, except for Stahle et al (1998), which is an SOI-based proxy index where the signs are inverted. The annual fraction of proxy + documentary records that designate El Nino or La Nina conditions is shown by the black line, whereas the ENS ONI % of institution + literature definitions met shaded (red = El Nino, blue = La Nina). For reference, the ENS ONI time series is also plotted (bottom).
Overall, the agreement between instrumental and proxy + documentary records of ENSO is pretty strong even prior to 1950. Unsurprisingly, the largest discrepancies between these 2 independent sources of data exist during the 1850s. For example, proxy + documentary records suggest an El Nino in 1852-53 and a La Nina in 1863 are significantly muted/underestimated by instrumental data, whereas a moderately-intense La Nina depicted during the winter of 1856-57 in the ENS ONI may be an artifact.
ENSO phase and intensity
Thus, going by the definition of ENSO noted here, El Ninos occur when the ENS ONI values are in the top 33% of all ENS ONI values for each tri-monthly period, while Neutral ENSO and La Nina correspond to the middle third and lower third of bi-monthlies respectively. Further distinctions to denote Weak, Moderate, Strong, and Super (very strong) ENSO events were also made here as was done with MEI.ext and MEI. Similar to Wolter and Timlin (2011), moderate El Ninos and moderate La Ninas were assumed to be ongoing when the MEI.extv2 bi-monthly percentiles were in the 2nd (10-20%) and 9th deciles (80-90%) respectively. Also similar to Wolter and Timlin (2011), the minimum threshold for Strong El Nino and Strong La Nina is defined as the 10th and 90th percentiles respectively.
A further distinction is made to identify extraordinarily powerful El Nino and La Nina events. The motivation for this is attributable to the fact that 4 very intense El Nino events (1877-78, 1982-83, 1997-98, 2015-16) are all more intense than not only any other El Nino, but all other ENSO events in the observed record. Furthermore, all of these El Ninos events have triggered exceptionally large and widespread climate anomalies across the globe, and the term “Super El Nino” has become increasingly popular and acceptable nomenclature in the atmospheric science community (Hameed et al (2018); Zhu et al (2018); Bing and Xie (2017); Chen et al (2016); Hong (2016); Latif et al (2015).
Created using Matlab 2022b
ENSO Definitions
This unique analysis of many ENSO definitions also allows us to obtain an estimate of opinions from experts in the field on what is and is not ENSO at some time "t" based on output from the ENS ONI; a crude measure of consensus.
Considering all of the above, it seems reasonable to believe that when at least a majority of the 50 definitions (25 of 50 (or more)) reach a consensus that an El Nino or La Nina is ongoing for a given monthly, bi-monthly, tri-monthly, and/or pentad period based on the ENS ONI, that an ENSO event is indeed probably, if not, likely ongoing. We will tentatively refer to this measure of ENSO as the ENS ONI Definitions Index. In order to ensure an apples-apples comparison between all the definitions, each one is given equivalent weight of up to 1 w/ a binary output (1 or 0/pass or fail) signaling the specified criteria in each definition was or was not met at a particular time step. To determine the time that this actually corresponds to for instances where tri-monthly or pentad averaged values of this ENS ONI are used, the middle month of that period is utilized. For ex, if we're looking at an ENSO definition that uses a pentad-averaged period to categorize ENSO and we're analyzing Oct-Feb (ONDJF), the binary output would be placed in the month of December, w/ January being used in place of NDJFM, etc. For bi-monthlies, these ENS ONI Definitions index values are binned into the first month of the bi-monthly period. To designate both El Ninos and La Ninas in this paradigm, La Nina (El Nino) values are negative (positive) and shaded blue (red).
Depicted in Table 6 is the ENS ONI Median Definitions Index for 2010-present. Raw values (0 to (+ or -) 50) are converted to percent, with values <-49(%) signifying that a majority of ENSO definitions recognize La Nina conditions, whereas values >+49 (%) correspond to where most definitions contend that El Nino conditions are occurring. Note that this definitions index will lag in real-time by a few months, due to the inclusion of literature-based ENSO definitions that are dependent on pentad (5-month) averaged data.
Hyperlinked Excel file for the ENS ONI definitions index (evaluated on the median SST anomaly value presented here)
ENS ONI Median Definition Index (1850 - Feb 2024)
**Assessments and further applications of this ENS ONI Definitions Index (esp as it pertains to uncertainty) are currently being experimented with and may be released in the future**
Institution/Reference(s) |
Criteria Amplitude |
Criteria Length |
> +/- 0.75°C SST |
1 tri-monthly |
|
> +/- 0.7σ SST |
3 tri-monthlies |
|
> +/- 0.8°C SST |
Any month |
|
> +/- 0.5°C SST |
6 consecutive pentads |
|
> +/- 0.75σ SST |
1 tri-monthly |
|
> +/- 1.0°C SST |
Any month |
|
> +/- 2.0°C SST |
Any month |
|
> +/- 0.5°C SST |
6 consecutive months |
|
> +/- 1.0°C SST |
1 tri-monthly |
|
El Nino: 25th %ile, La Nina: 75th %ile |
1 tri-monthly |
|
> +/- 1.0σ SST |
Any month |
|
El Nino: 25th %ile, La Nina: 75th %ile |
Any month |
|
> +/- 1.0σ SST |
4 consecutive months |
|
> +/- 0.7σ SST |
1 tri-monthly |
|
> +/- 0.5σ SST |
6 consecutive pentads |
|
> +/- 1.0σ SST |
3 consecutive months |
|
> +/- 1.0σ SST |
6 consecutive months |
|
> +/- 1.2σ SST |
Any month |
|
> +/- 0.5°C SST |
2 consecutive tri-monthlies |
|
> +/- 0.5σ SST |
Any month |
|
> +/- 1.0σ SST |
1 tri-monthly |
|
> +/- 0.6°C SST |
1 tri-monthly |
|
> +/- 0.5°C SST |
5 consecutive tri-monthlies |
|
> +/- 0.7σ SST |
4 month period |
|
> +/- 1.4°C SST |
1 tri-monthly |
|
> +/- 1.0°C SST |
1 tri-monthly |
|
> +/- 0.5°C SST |
5 consecutive months |
|
> +/- 0.75σ SST |
Any month |
|
> +/- 0.5σ SST |
1 tri-monthly |
|
El Nino: 33rd %ile, La Nina: 67th %ile |
1 pentad |
|
> +/- 0.5σ SST |
1 pentad |
|
> +/- 0.5σ SST |
5 consecutive pentads |
|
> +/- 0.4°C SST |
Any month |
|
> +/- 0.5°C SST |
Any month |
|
> +/- 0.4σ SST |
4 consecutive months |
|
> +/- 1.0°C SST |
3 consecutive months |
|
> +/- 0.4°C SST |
3 consecutive months |
|
> +/- 0.4°C SST |
6 consecutive tri-monthlies |
|
> +/- 1.0σ SST |
1 pentad |
|
> +/- 0.25°C SST |
5 consecutive tri-monthlies |
|
> +/- 0.5°C SST |
8 months |
|
> +/- 1.5°C SST |
1 tri-monthly |
|
> +/- 0.6°C SST |
1 pentad |
|
El Nino: 30th %ile, La Nina: 70th %ile |
1 bi-monthly |
|
> +/- 0.5σ SST |
5 consecutive months |
|
> +/- 0.5°C SST |
1 tri-monthly |
|
> +/- 0.4°C SST |
1 pentad |
|
> +/- 0.5°C SST |
1 pentad |
|
> +/- 1.0°C SST |
5 consecutive months |
|
> +/- 0.6σ SST |
1 tri-monthly |
ENS ONI Literature-Based Definitions Index (%
ENSO Definitions Met) |
||||||||||||
JAN |
FEB |
MAR |
APR |
MAY |
JUN |
JUL |
AUG |
SEP |
OCT |
NOV |
DEC |
|
2010 |
94% |
92% |
88% |
28% |
-4% |
-82% |
-94% |
-94% |
-98% |
-98% |
-98% |
-98% |
2011 |
-96% |
-94% |
-88% |
-86% |
-76% |
-40% |
-34% |
-62% |
-70% |
-82% |
-84% |
-84% |
2012 |
-70% |
-66% |
-60% |
-36% |
-12% |
0% |
2% |
22% |
16% |
2% |
0% |
0% |
2013 |
-4% |
-6% |
-2% |
-4% |
-16% |
-28% |
-18% |
-10% |
-2% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
2014 |
-2% |
-8% |
-2% |
0% |
0% |
4% |
0% |
0% |
2% |
20% |
44% |
42% |
2015 |
42% |
38% |
50% |
80% |
86% |
88% |
94% |
98% |
100% |
100% |
100% |
100% |
2016 |
100% |
100% |
98% |
86% |
18% |
0% |
-20% |
-42% |
-40% |
-46% |
-42% |
-32% |
2017 |
-6% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
2% |
4% |
2% |
0% |
-14% |
-48% |
-68% |
-68% |
2018 |
-68% |
-68% |
-68% |
-54% |
-16% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
12% |
54% |
66% |
68% |
2019 |
58% |
60% |
72% |
66% |
60% |
40% |
20% |
0% |
0% |
6% |
10% |
10% |
YR |
JAN |
FEB |
MAR |
APR |
MAY |
JUN |
JUL |
AUG |
SEP |
OCT |
NOV |
DEC |
2020 |
12% |
4% |
10% |
8% |
-4% |
-22% |
-32% |
-62% |
-82% |
-92% |
-92% |
-88% |
2021 |
-88% |
-82% |
-70% |
-62% |
-40% |
-18% |
-18% |
-32% |
-50% |
-80% |
-78% |
-80% |
2022 |
-74% |
-82% |
-92% |
-92% |
-92% |
-86% |
-84% |
-88% |
-88% |
-90% |
-86% |
-70% |
2023 |
-68% |
-34% |
-2% |
0% |
22% |
80% |
86% |
94% |
96% |
98% |
98% |
98% |
2024 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Raw Monthly NINO 3.4 SST Input (1850 - Feb 2024)
Monthly NINO 3.4 SSTs (1850 - Feb 2024)
ENS ONI Median Definitions Index (1850 - Feb 2024)
ENS ONI Monthly Data (1850 - Feb 2024)
ENS ONI tri-monthly (CPC-like) data (1850 - Feb 2024)
ENS ONI standardized tri-monthly data (1850 - Feb 2024)
ENS ONI tri-monthly ranks (1850 - Feb 2024)
ENS ONI, NOAA 20CRv3, & HADISST2.1 uncertainty (1850 - Feb 2024)
The following ENS ONI table (also linked above) uses a modified version of Webb and Magi (2021)'s definition of ENSO. Here, 50 literature-based definitions (table 5) are used instead of 33, and if at least 50% of these ENSO definitions are met surrounding a particular month, it is recognized as a legitimate El Nino (red) or La Nina (blue), irrespective of the event's duration and/or potential discontinuities wrt adjacent months.
Ensemble Oceanic Nino
Index (ENS ONI) |
||||||||||||
YR |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
1850 |
-1.0 |
-1.1 |
-1.2 |
-0.6 |
-0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
1851 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
1852 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
1853 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
1854 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
1855 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
0.9 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1856 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.6 |
-0.8 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
1857 |
-0.9 |
-0.7 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
1858 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
1859 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
YR |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
1860 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
1861 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1862 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
1863 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1864 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
1865 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.9 |
1866 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
1867 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
1868 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1869 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
YR |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
1870 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
1871 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
1872 |
0.0 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
1873 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
1874 |
-0.5 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
1875 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
1876 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
1877 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
1.8 |
2.2 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
1878 |
2.9 |
2.5 |
2.0 |
1.6 |
1.3 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
1879 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.7 |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
|
1880 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
1881 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1882 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
1883 |
-0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
1884 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1885 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.8 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1886 |
0.8 |
0.3 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.5 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-1.0 |
-1.1 |
1887 |
-1.2 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
1888 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
1.7 |
2.0 |
2.2 |
1889 |
2.2 |
1.9 |
1.4 |
0.9 |
0.6 |
0.1 |
-0.4 |
-0.8 |
-1.0 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
-1.4 |
YR |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
1890 |
-1.4 |
-1.3 |
-1.1 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.3 |
1891 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
1892 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.7 |
-0.9 |
-1.2 |
-1.4 |
-1.4 |
-1.2 |
1893 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
-0.9 |
-0.9 |
1894 |
-0.9 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
1895 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
1896 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
1.8 |
1.8 |
1897 |
1.7 |
1.3 |
0.8 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
1898 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
1899 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
|
1900 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
1901 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1902 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
1.8 |
1903 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
1.1 |
0.7 |
0.3 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
1904 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
1905 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1906 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
1907 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1908 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
1909 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.9 |
-1.0 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
YR |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
1910 |
-1.1 |
-1.2 |
-1.2 |
-1.1 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
-0.9 |
-0.9 |
-0.9 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
1911 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1912 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
1913 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
1914 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
1915 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
0.6 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.5 |
1916 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.5 |
-0.8 |
-1.0 |
-1.1 |
-1.4 |
-1.7 |
-2.1 |
-2.1 |
1917 |
-1.9 |
-1.7 |
-1.3 |
-1.1 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.9 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
1918 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
1919 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
1.1 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
YR |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
1920 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
1921 |
-0.3 |
-0.6 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
1922 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
1923 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1924 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.9 |
-0.9 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
1925 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
1.4 |
1926 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
1927 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
1928 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
1929 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
YR |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
1930 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
1931 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.3 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
1932 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1933 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.7 |
-0.9 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
1934 |
-1.1 |
-1.0 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
1935 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
1936 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
1937 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
1938 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.8 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
1939 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
-0.2 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
YR |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
1940 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1941 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1942 |
1.1 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.6 |
-0.9 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
-1.2 |
-1.2 |
1943 |
-1.2 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
-0.8 |
-0.4 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
1944 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
1945 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1946 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
1947 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
1948 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
1949 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.4 |
-0.7 |
-0.9 |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
|
1950 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
-1.1 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
1951 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
1952 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
1953 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
1954 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
-0.3 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
1955 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.9 |
-0.9 |
-0.9 |
-0.9 |
-1.1 |
-1.4 |
-1.5 |
-1.4 |
1956 |
-1.1 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
1957 |
-0.3 |
-0.0 |
-0.3 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
1958 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
1959 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
YR |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
1960 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
1961 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
1962 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
1963 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1964 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
0.1 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
1965 |
-0.5 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1966 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
1967 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
1968 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.2 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
1969 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
YR |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
1970 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-1.0 |
1971 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
1972 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
1.9 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
1973 |
1.9 |
1.4 |
0.8 |
0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.7 |
-0.9 |
-1.0 |
-1.1 |
-1.3 |
-1.5 |
-1.7 |
1974 |
-1.6 |
-1.4 |
-1.1 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
1975 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.9 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
-1.1 |
-1.2 |
-1.3 |
-1.4 |
1976 |
-1.3 |
-1.0 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1977 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
1978 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
1979 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
YR |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
1980 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
1981 |
-0.3 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
1982 |
-0.2 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
1.6 |
1.9 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
1983 |
2.3 |
2.1 |
1.6 |
1.3 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
-0.2 |
-0.4 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
1984 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.4 |
-0.8 |
-1.1 |
1985 |
-1.1 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.4 |
1986 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1987 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
1.4 |
1.1 |
1988 |
0.7 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
-0.5 |
-1.0 |
-1.4 |
-1.5 |
-1.4 |
-1.5 |
-1.7 |
-2.1 |
-2.1 |
1989 |
-1.9 |
-1.6 |
-1.3 |
-1.1 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
YR |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
1990 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
1991 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1992 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
0.7 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
1993 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
1994 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1995 |
1.0 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.9 |
1996 |
-0.9 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
1997 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.1 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
1.1 |
1.6 |
1.9 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
1998 |
2.5 |
2.2 |
1.6 |
1.1 |
0.3 |
-0.4 |
-1.1 |
-1.2 |
-1.2 |
-1.2 |
-1.4 |
-1.4 |
1999 |
-1.3 |
-1.1 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.9 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
-1.3 |
-1.5 |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
|
2000 |
-1.5 |
-1.3 |
-1.0 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
2001 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
2002 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
2003 |
1.1 |
0.8 |
0.4 |
-0.1 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
2004 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
2005 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.4 |
-0.7 |
2006 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
2007 |
0.6 |
0.2 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.7 |
-1.1 |
-1.4 |
-1.6 |
-1.6 |
2008 |
-1.7 |
-1.6 |
-1.4 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
-0.6 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
2009 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.3 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
YR |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
2010 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
0.4 |
-0.2 |
-0.7 |
-1.1 |
-1.3 |
-1.5 |
-1.6 |
-1.7 |
-1.6 |
2011 |
-1.5 |
-1.3 |
-1.0 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.8 |
-0.9 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
2012 |
-0.9 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
2013 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
2014 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
2015 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
2.0 |
2.3 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
2016 |
2.4 |
2.1 |
1.5 |
0.9 |
0.3 |
-0.1 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
2017 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-0.8 |
-0.9 |
2018 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
2019 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
YR |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
2020 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-1.0 |
-1.2 |
-1.3 |
-1.2 |
2021 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
2022 |
-0.9 |
-0.9 |
-1.0 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
-0.9 |
-0.9 |
-0.9 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
2023 |
-0.8 |
-0.5 |
-0.2 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
2024 |
1.7 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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